Можете для теста попробовать с cryptopro и их версией curl.
https://www.altlinux.org/КриптоПро
/opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/curl -v -k https://easesodws.openbankingrussia.ru:9042/eaesodapi/v1.0/banks --cert /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/EAESODgost2012tls.cer --key /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/EAESODmpCA.key
* Trying 185.31.134.219:9042...* TCP_NODELAY set* Connected to easesodws.openbankingrussia.ru (185.31.134.219) port 9042 (#0)* schannel: Failed to get certificate location for /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/EAESODgost2012tls.cer* Closing connection 0* schannel: shutting down SSL/TLS connection with easesodws.openbankingrussia.ru port 9042curl: (58) schannel: Failed to get certificate location for /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/EAESODgost2012tls.cer