Как минимум, по стандарту XDG, значение Categories должно заканчиваться точкой с запятой, а .desktop содержать Exec=
Полное содержимое файлов.
hitachi-starboard.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Name=StarBoard
GenericName=Whiteboard Software
Comment=Hitachi 'StarBoard' interactive digital whiteboard software.
Exec=/usr/local/StarBoardSoftware/StarBoard.sh
TryExec=/usr/local/StarBoardSoftware/StarBoard.sh
Icon=/usr/local/StarBoardSoftware/Resources/icons/appicons/appicon48x48.png
Terminal=false
Categories=hitachi-starboard;
#StartupNotify=true
MimeType=application/x-starboardsoftware
hitachi-starboard.directory
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Directory
Name=Hitachi StarBoard
Icon=/usr/local/StarBoardSoftware/Resources/icons/appicons/appicon48x48.png
Но почему-то мне кажется, что этого не достаточно будет...
Думаю что-то нужно ещё в этом каталоге чего-то сделать /etc/xdg/menus
Вот, например для altlinux-education.menu
<!DOCTYPE Menu PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD Menu 1.0//EN"
"http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/menu-spec/1.0/menu.dtd">
<Menu>
<Name>Education</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education.directory</Directory>
<Menu>
<Name>Languages</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-languages.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Or>
<Category>Languages</Category>
<Category>X-KDE-Edu-Language</Category>
</Or>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Math</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-math.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Math</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Science</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-science.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Science</Category>
<Not><Category>Math</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Astronomy</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Chemistry</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>ComputerScience</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Geoscience</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Physics</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Geology</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Astronomy</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-astronomy.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Astronomy</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Biology</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-biology.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Biology</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Chemistry</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-chemistry.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Chemistry</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>ComputerScience</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-computerscience.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>ComputerScience</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>X-Typing</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Typing</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Geoscience</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-geoscience.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Geoscience</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Physics</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-physics.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Physics</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Geology</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-geology.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Geology</Category>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Music</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-music.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Music</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Art</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-art.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Art</Category>
<Not><Category>Music</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Construction</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-construction.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Construction</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Economy</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-economy.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Economy</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Electricity</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-electricity.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Electricity</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Geography</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-geography.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Geography</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>History</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-history.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>History</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Literature</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-literature.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Literature</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Sports</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-sports.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Sports</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Robotics</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-robotics.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Category>Robotics</Category>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Typing</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-computerscience-typing.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Or>
<Category>X-Typing</Category>
<Category>Typing</Category>
</Or>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Tools</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-teaching.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Or>
<Category>Teaching</Category>
<Category>X-KDE-Edu-Teaching</Category>
</Or>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
<Menu>
<Name>Other</Name>
<Directory>altlinux-education-other.directory</Directory>
<Include>
<And>
<Category>Education</Category>
<Not><Category>Teaching</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>X-Typing</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Typing</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>X-KDE-Edu-Teaching</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>X-KDE-Edu-Language</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Languages</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Math</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Science</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Astronomy</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Chemistry</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>ComputerScience</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Geoscience</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Physics</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Geology</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Music</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Art</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Construction</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>History</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Economy</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Electricity</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Geography</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Literature</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Sports</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Robotics</Category></Not>
<Not><Category>Dictionary</Category></Not>
</And>
</Include>
</Menu>
</Menu>
<!-- categories
### look too scientific; unlike to be used in Education
# ArtificialIntelligence Artificial Intelligence software Education;Science
# DataVisualization Data visualization software Education;Science
# ImageProcessing Image Processing software Education;Science
# MedicalSoftware Medical software Education;Science
### safe to ignore due to another category present
# NumericalAnalysis Numerical analysis software Education;Science;Math
# ParallelComputing Parallel computing software Education;Science;ComputerScience
-->
Если я правильно понял, то этот файл как раз генерирует директорию Образование.
Запустите kbuildsyscoca4 в консоли, чтобы посмотреть сообщения об ошибках в .desktop-файлах.
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